Search results for " modèle"

7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol: in vitro and animal models used to characterize their activities and to identify molecules preventing th…

2020

International audience; Oxysterols are molecules derived by the oxidation of cholesterol and can be formed either by auto-oxidation, enzymatically or by both processes. Among the oxysterols formed by auto-oxidation, 7-ketocholesterol and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol are the main forms generated. These oxysterols, formed endogenously and brought in large quantities by certain foods, have major cytotoxic properties. They are powerful inducers of oxidative stress, inducing dysfunction of organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes) that can cause cell death. These molecules are often identified in increased amounts in common pathological states such as cardiovascular diseases, certain eye …

Le prix des paysages périurbains

2007

L'évaluation économique du prix des paysages périurbains utilise des analyses géographiques (occupation des sols, composition paysagère, distance à des biens paysagers, paysages vus : champ de vision, objets, formes). L'article fait le point sur la littérature en matière de méthode et de résultats et présente l'estimation du prix d'attributs paysagers dans la ceinture périurbaine de Dijon.

GEOV1: LAI, FAPAR essential climate variables and FCOVER global time series capitalizing over existing products. Part 2: Validation and intercomparis…

2013

International audience; This paper describes the scientific validation of the first version of global biophysical products (i.e., leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and fraction of vegetation cover), namely GEOV1, developed in the framework of the geoland-2/BioPar core mapping service at 1 km spatial resolution and 10-days temporal frequency. The strategy follows the recommendations of the CEOS/WGCV Land Product Validation for LAI global products validation. Several criteria of performance were evaluated, including continuity, spatial and temporal consistency, dynamic range of retrievals, statistical analysis per biome type, precision and accuracy. The…

Comprehending city and its production in Africa through a systemic approach : example of the city of Diamniadio, Dakar

2022

For a long time, the analysis of the production of the city in Africa was based on an exogenous perception according to urban models theorized and experimented with in the Occidental countries, then diffused and applied through different mechanisms in the South, bearing witness to historical relations - through the making of the colonial city - and present relations - in the context of the making of new towns. After independence, researchers looked at the redefinition of the city in Africa with its complexity and plurality according to geographical and historical trajectories, proposing new urban theories that were more nuanced and linked to local and contextual realities. Therefore, follow…

Penalization and data reduction of auxiliary variables in survey sampling

2012

Survey sampling techniques are quite useful in a way to estimate population parameterssuch as the population total when the large dimensional auxiliary data setis available. This thesis deals with the estimation of population total in presenceof ill-conditioned large data set.In the first chapter, we give some basic definitions that will be used in thelater chapters. The Horvitz-Thompson estimator is defined as an estimator whichdoes not use auxiliary variables. Along with, calibration technique is defined toincorporate the auxiliary variables for sake of improvement in the estimation ofpopulation totals for a fixed sample size.The second chapter is a part of a review article about ridge re…

A model species for agricultural pest genomics: the genome of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2018

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle is one of the most challenging agricultural pests to manage. It has shown a spectacular ability to adapt to a variety of solanaceaeous plants and variable climates during its global invasion, and, notably, to rapidly evolve insecticide resistance. To examine evidence of rapid evolutionary change, and to understand the genetic basis of herbivory and insecticide resistance, we tested for structural and functional genomic changes relative to other arthropod species using genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and community annotation. Two factors that might facilitate rapid evolutionary change include transposable elements, which comprise at least 17% of the gen…

Metabolic syndrome triggered by high-fructose diet favors choroidal neovascularization and impairs retinal light sensitivity in the rat

2014

Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the leading causes of blindness in Western populations. Although it is a matter of controversy, large-scale population-based studies have reported increased prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in patients with diabetes or diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome, one of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, would represent a favorable environment for the development of choroidal neovascularization, the main complication of age-related macular degeneration. The fructose-fed rat was used as a model for metabolic syndrome in which choroidal neovascularization was induced by laser photocoagulatio…

Automatic production of three-dimensionnel models by 3D digitization

2012

The manual 3D digitization process is expensive since it requires a highly trained technician who decides about the different views needed to acquire the object model. The quality of the final result strongly depends, in addition to the complexity of the object shape, on the selected viewpoints and thus on the human expertise. Nowadays, the most developed digitization strategies in industry are based on a teaching approach in which a human operator manually determines one set of poses for the ranging device. The main drawback of this methodology is the influence of the operator's expertise. Moreover, this technique does not fulfill the high level requirement of industrial applications which…

Le potentiel innovant des nouvelles pratiques de GRH en question

2022

3D digitization of transparent objects by polalization techniques in IR & by triangulation in UV

2011

Two non-conventional methods for the 3D digitization of transparent objects via non-contact measurement are reported in this thesis. 3D digitization is a well acknowledged technique for opaque objects and various commercial solutions based on different measurement approaches are available in the market offering different types of resolution at different prices. Since these techniques require a diffused or lambertian surface, their application to transparent surfaces fails. Indeed, rays reflected by the transparent surface are perturbed by diverse inter-reflections induced by the refractive properties of the object. Therefore, in industrial applications like quality control, the transparent …